Mount Taishan
Country
China
Inscribed in
1987
Criteria
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
The conservation outlook for this site has been assessed as "good with some concerns" in the latest assessment cycle. Explore the Conservation Outlook Assessment for the site below. You have the option to access the summary, or the detailed assessment.
The sacred Mount Tai ('shan' means 'mountain') was the object of an imperial cult for nearly 2,000 years, and the artistic masterpieces found there are in perfect harmony with the natural landscape. It has always been a source of inspiration for Chinese artists and scholars and symbolizes ancient Chinese civilizations and beliefs.
© UNESCO
Summary
2025 Conservation Outlook
Finalised on
11 Oct 2025
Good with some concerns
Current state and trend of VALUES
Low Concern
Overall THREATS
Overall PROTECTION and MANAGEMENT
Full assessment
Description of values
Dramatic mountain scenery
Criterion
(vii)
With nearly 3 billion years of natural evolution, Mount Taishan was formed through complicated geological and biological processes, which resulted in a gigantic rock mass covered with dense vegetation towering over the surrounding plateau. This dramatic and majestic mountain is an outstanding combination of a beautiful natural landscape dominated by the cultural impacts of thousands of years of human use and valued in turn for its profound influence on Chinese culture (World Heritage Committee, 2012). Some well-known natural sights scenery depends on the specific weather or season, like the sunrise, “golden shining from the sky” and “icy cave in midsummer”. Some ancient trees also have memorable meanings. In general, the beauty of Mount Taishan comprises the characteristics of magnificence, seclusion and elegance (Xindan Du, 2019).
Rich flora and fauna
1627 species of higher plants from 775 genus, 191 families occur in the property. The site’s fauna includes 25 species of mammals, 3000 insects, 374 birds, 12 reptile and 6 amphibian species (IUCN Consultation, 2017; IUCN Consultation, 2025).
Cultural and spiritual value
Mount Taishan is the most famous sacred mountain of China, with exceptional historic, cultural, aesthetic and scientific value (World Heritage Committee, 2012; Xindan Hu, 2019). Settled by humans as early as the Neolithic (a Dawenkou site is nearby), the mountain has been worshipped continuously throughout the last three millennia. The mountain was an important object of the cult worship of mountains even before 219 BCE, Mount Taishan 2 of 48 when the Qin Emperor, Huang Di, paid tribute to the mountain in the Fengshan sacrifices to inform the gods of his success in unifying all of China, and since then it has been the inspiring resource for philosophers, artists, and poets (Yu et al., 2021; Xindan Hu, 2019). On the mountain there are 12 historically recorded imperial ceremonies in homage to Heaven and Earth, about 1,800 stone tablets and inscriptions, and 22 temples, which together make Mount Taishan the most important monument in China, a world-renowned treasure house of history and culture.
Typical and rare geological relics
Taishan is a classic area for early Cambrian geological research in China. The extensive exposure of Archean granitic-greenstone belts records the evolutionary history of the Earth from 2.8 billion to 2.5 billion years ago in a relatively complete manner, serving as a window to the global new Archean geological evolution (Gao et al., 2020).
Assessment information
The adverse impacts of large, increasing numbers of visitors threaten scenic values and visitor experience but measures have been taken to address this threat. Forest fires and dry conditions threaten natural and scenic values of the property. Additional threats come from the disease infestation of trees and adverse impacts of extreme weather. Cable cars concentrate visitors in vulnerable places and degrade the experience of some visitors, especially those who come as pilgrims. There is a threat of loss of traditional culture and the effects of loss of traditional livelihoods.
Logging, Harvesting & Controlling Trees
(Changes in size and composition of forests )
Inside site
, Scattered(5-15%)
Outside site
Historical decrease in Pinus forests, due mainly to the conversion to Quercus and mixed forests has occurred in scattered areas in the site. A recent study found that more than two-thirds of the forests in Mount Taishan are in a sub-health or unhealthy state, with a large and increasing number of dead trees having appeared in the site (Meng et al., 2019), although this deterioration may not be solely attributable to forest diseases and pests.
Recreation & Tourism Areas
(Cable cars )
Inside site
, Localised(<5%)
A cable car in Zhongtianmen was built in 1983 and ungraded in 2000 and an additional cable car in Taohuayuan was built in 1993. The impact of the cable cars on the environment is being restored and improved after many years, but there is still some residual and ongoing impacts on the landscape of Mount Taishan World Heritage site including significant impacts on the scenic values for which the site is listed due to highly concentrated visitor presence surrounding the cable cars (IUCN Consultation, 2020).
Pathogens
(Forest diseases and insect pests)
Inside site
, Widespread(15-50%)
Outside site
Forest diseases and insect pests threaten the ecological environment and scenic values of Taishan (State Party of China, 2023). Pine wood nematodes Hyphantria cunea and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus have great potential adverse effects on the forest. However, efforts continue to be made in addressing this threat through the purchasing of UAVs to distribute pesticide, strengthening daily monitoring and protection of forest resources, and wood quarantine (IUCN Consultation, 2020; State Party of China, 2023). From March to November, management authorities carry out a comprehensive survey and monitoring of pine, sampling and identification, and check the epidemic situation in time (State Party of China, 2023).
Recreational Activities
(Increasing visitation)
Inside site
, Extent of threat not known
Taishan is a popular tourist site.
Between 1996 and 2001 annual visitors totalled 2.1 million, including 18,000 foreigners. In 2010 there were 3.96 million visitors, an increase of 11.7% on 2009 (UNEP-WCMC, 2011) and the tourism numbers have maintained these high levels since, with Spring Festival the site even attracted more than half a million visitors in one week in February 2018 (China Daily, 2018). The latest visitor data of May 1-5 holidays in 2025 demonstrate over visitation. According to official statistics, in this week the 21 tourist attractions (spots) of the city related to Mount Taishan, received a total of 1.6428 million tourists, an increase of 8.90% year-on-year, and achieved operating income of RMB￥61.3945 million yuan, an increase of 0.63% year-on-year. The figures reveal that although the tourist visitation increased significantly (8.9%), the operating income did not increase as significantly (0.6%). The consequential impact on the heritage resource and the locals is yet to be measured (Tai-an Municipal Government, 2025). Locally, overcrowding was evident 1-5 May 2025 (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
However, the site management has increased capital investment, improved the construction of tourism infrastructure, and increased the experience of tourists. At the same time, the local authority reports to continue to improve the interpretation system in the site, through the construction of exhibition halls and natural and cultural education for tourists (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Additionally, an online booking system with time-limited reservations, has increased the control of tourist access to the sunrise area in Daiding (the peak), improving tourist satisfaction and avoiding irreversible damage to the site (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Cable cars are the vital issue to address the over-crowding problem on the mountain top during the high season, with calls having been made to remove or reduce operation of the 'front' cable car to a strictly designed time-table to control visitor numbers and to avoid disrupting the visitors who choose to climb the mountain on foot (Xiang, 2020). The carrying capacity is reported to be 30.000 visitors per day (Xinduan Hu, 2019), however it still needs to be scientifically delineated (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Between 1996 and 2001 annual visitors totalled 2.1 million, including 18,000 foreigners. In 2010 there were 3.96 million visitors, an increase of 11.7% on 2009 (UNEP-WCMC, 2011) and the tourism numbers have maintained these high levels since, with Spring Festival the site even attracted more than half a million visitors in one week in February 2018 (China Daily, 2018). The latest visitor data of May 1-5 holidays in 2025 demonstrate over visitation. According to official statistics, in this week the 21 tourist attractions (spots) of the city related to Mount Taishan, received a total of 1.6428 million tourists, an increase of 8.90% year-on-year, and achieved operating income of RMB￥61.3945 million yuan, an increase of 0.63% year-on-year. The figures reveal that although the tourist visitation increased significantly (8.9%), the operating income did not increase as significantly (0.6%). The consequential impact on the heritage resource and the locals is yet to be measured (Tai-an Municipal Government, 2025). Locally, overcrowding was evident 1-5 May 2025 (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
However, the site management has increased capital investment, improved the construction of tourism infrastructure, and increased the experience of tourists. At the same time, the local authority reports to continue to improve the interpretation system in the site, through the construction of exhibition halls and natural and cultural education for tourists (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Additionally, an online booking system with time-limited reservations, has increased the control of tourist access to the sunrise area in Daiding (the peak), improving tourist satisfaction and avoiding irreversible damage to the site (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Cable cars are the vital issue to address the over-crowding problem on the mountain top during the high season, with calls having been made to remove or reduce operation of the 'front' cable car to a strictly designed time-table to control visitor numbers and to avoid disrupting the visitors who choose to climb the mountain on foot (Xiang, 2020). The carrying capacity is reported to be 30.000 visitors per day (Xinduan Hu, 2019), however it still needs to be scientifically delineated (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Water-borne & other effluent Pollution, Garbage & Solid Waste
(Waste water from increased visitation)
Inside site
, Scattered(5-15%)
Outside site
Tourist pressures are very heavy, inundating the area during holidays and festivals (UNEP-WCMC, 2011). Pollution resulting from high visitation rates continues has been a problem in the past (IUCN Consultation, 2017). However, the sewage system in the property has now been integrated into the urban sewage pipe network, which has greatly reduced the threat of sewage to the property (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Additionally, Regulations on Ecological Protection of Taishan Scenic Spots" was enacted in May, 2018. This regulation document identified from a legal perspective several aspects of eco-protection such as financing, monitoring, management and responsible parties, etc. It underlined the need of ecological restoration and specifies "non-open area and closed rotation area" to address the issue of over visitation (Tai-an Municipal Government, 2018).
Relocation of villagers from Taishan and lack of their involvement in decision making, accompanied by perceptions of inequitable distribution of benefits from tourism and associated inadequate compensation could threaten future local support for conservation and protection of the site. Recent efforts towards community participation in the protection of the property have been reported, however the efficacy of these efforts remain currently unknown.
Identity/social cohesion/ changes in local population and community that result in negative impact
(Relocation of villagers from Taishan )
Inside site
, Localised(<5%)
Outside site
With regard to relocation issues, interviews with individuals subject to the relocation programme identified several effects of the relocation programme including the changes to lifestyle and tradition, loss of tourism businesses and revenue, inadequate compensation for relocation, inequitable benefits with some being able to remain and others being relocated as well as a feeling that local residents were better placed as custodians of the site than the conservation professionals (Xiang and Wall, 2016). However, more and more residents are reported to be participating in the protection of the site through training and publicity efforts on behalf of the management (IUCN Consultation, 2020).
Involvement of stakeholders and rightsholders, including indigenous peoples and local communities, in decision-making processes
Local people have been relocated with attendant loss of arable land and disruptions to their traditional livelihoods and ways of life. Although they revere the mountain as their mother and are enthusiastic about tourism and have derived some benefits from it as a partial compensation for loss of livelihoods, they have experienced less than equitable roles in decision-making (Xiang, 2009). The Rural Revitalization Strategy of the Chinese government underlines the rural local well-being and revitalization of the rural culture, which may assure more efforts of involving the local villagers in tourism benefits from the heritage mountain (Xiang, 2020). Based on the Master plan of Mount Taishan scenic area from 2016 to 2035 (2016), the Regulations on the protection and administration of Mount Taishan scenic area (2018), there is still no emphasis on multistakeholder cooperation and local involvement.
Legal framework
Legal protection is afforded to both natural and historic heritages of Taishan under the state's Cultural Relics Protection Law, Forest Protection Law, Interim Regulations Concerning the Administration of Scenic Beauty and Historic Interest Zones and various local regulations and administrative decrees (WCMC, 2011). Management is considered to be legal, contractual, and traditional (State Party of China, 2003a; 2003b; 2023).
Governance arrangements
The Tai'an Municipal Administrative Committee of the Taishan Scenic and Historic Interest Zone is responsible for both the protection and administration of the area. The representatives of the National World Heritage Office, the Bureau of Cultural Relics and Religions, the Bureau of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, and other functional departments, administrative units also play a role in the management (World Heritage Committee, 2012). Based on the Master plan of Mount Taishan scenic area from 2016 to 2035 (2016), the Regulations on the protection and administration of Mount Taishan scenic area (2018), there is no emphasis on multistakeholder cooperation and local involvement.
Integration into local, regional and national planning systems (including sea/landscape connectivity)
Taishan National Park and Regulations on National Parks of Shandong Province were further revised and improved in 2016 and 2017 (IUCN Consultation, 2017). A recent study (Zhou et al., 2024) evaluated the biocultural diversity (BCD) conservation effectiveness of spatial planning in the Taishan Mountain Area from the perspective of nature and culture as a whole . Results showed that 43.92% of the high BCD areas and 84.39% of the medium BCD areas within the mountain area were inadequately protected, and 10.79% of the low BCD areas may be overprotected, indicating that the current PAs in the Taishan Mountain Area are insufficiently protected and urgently need to be expanded.
Boundaries
The boundaries of the property are adequate to ensure protection of its World Heritage values (State Party of China, 2003a; 2003b; 2023). The property does not have a buffer zone, which is deemed unnecessary by the State Party.
Overlapping international designations
In 1987, Taishan was approved as a world cultural and natural heritage. In 2006, Taishan joined the UNESCO Global Geopark Network. The Management Committee of Taishan Scenic and Historic Interest Area has established a Planning and Construction Land Bureau, which also holds the designations of the World Heritage Management Office and the Geological Park Management Office. It is uniformly responsible for the management of the world heritage and the geological park.
Implementation of World Heritage Committee decisions and recommendations
No recent Committee decision or recommendation
Climate action
Data deficient
Management plan and overall management system
The Tai'an Municipal Administrative Committee of the Taishan Scenic and Historic Interest Zone is responsible for both the protection and administration of the area. It includes 8 functional departments, 12 management departments and one museum (State Party of China, 2023). On the basis of multi-disciplinary scientific studies, the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection, the University of Beijing and the Administrative Committee of the Mt. Taishan Scenic Beauty and Historic Interest Zone jointly revised a Management and Development Plan for the zone from 2002-2010 in accordance with the Interim Regulations issued by the State Council. (WCMC, 2011). In 2016, the Master Plan (2016-2035) was revised by the Management Committee of Taishan, and focuses more on strengthening monitoring, building a data platform and beautifying the environment (Xindan Hu, 2019). The administrative structure has been modified and the local government function strengthened (IUCN Consultation, 2017), however there is no emphasis on multistakeholder cooperation and local involvement.
Law enforcement
Enforcement of relevant regulations is effective overall (IUCN Consultation, 2017; State Party of China, 2023).
Sustainable finance
Financial resources for the maintenance and protection of Taishan are allocated from the government and supplemented by entrance fees to scenic areas (World Heritage Committee, 2012; State Party of China, 2023). Funding is considered acceptable, but could be further improved (State Party of China, 2023). However, the financial situation of Taishan is considered, overall, stable (State Party of China, 2023).
Staff capacity, training and development
In 2017 the staff of the Park comprises 1819 employees: 632 in management, 554 technical and 633 other support personnel (IUCN Consultation, 2017). No updated numbers were available for this assessment. Overall, human resources and capacity building programs are considered adequate for management needs (State Party of China, 2023). Strengthening the construction of expert team and talent team in heritage protection is considered an action needed to address the key conservation issues faced by the site (IUCN consultation, 2024)
Education and interpretation programmes
The Taishan administration was encouraged to put more effort into educating visitors about the cultural and natural values of the site. The Geopark Museum of Taishan and the Tianwai Village Tourist Center and Taohua Vally Tourist Center built in 2010 provide important educational facilities (IUCN Consultation, 2017). While a relatively effective popular science interpretation system has been established, promoting the popular science education and interpretation of heritage value, the awareness of heritage protection among tourists and the public still needs to be improved (IUCN consultation, 2024)
Tourism and visitation management
Taishan is heavily visited. Between 1996 and 2001 annual visitors totaled 2.1 million, including 18,000 foreigners. In 2010 there were 3.96 million visitors, an increase of 11.7% on 2009 (UNEP-WCMC, 2011) and the tourism numbers have maintained these high levels since, with Spring Festival the site even attracted more than half a million visitors in one week in February 2018 (China Daily, 2018). However, the site management has increased capital investment, improved the construction of tourism infrastructure, and increased the experience of tourists. At the same time, the local authority reports to continue to improve the interpretation system in the site, through the construction of exhibition halls and natural and cultural education for tourists (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Additionally, an online booking system with time-limited reservations, has increased the control of tourist access to the sunrise area in Daiding (the peak), improving tourist satisfaction and avoiding irreversible damage to the site (IUCN Consultation, 2020; Mount Taishan Management Committee, 2024). Cable cars are the vital issue to address the over-crowding problem on the mountain top during the high season, with calls having been made to remove or reduce operation of the 'front' cable car to a strictly designed time-table to control visitor numbers and to avoid disrupting the visitors who choose to climb the mountain on foot (Xiang, 2020). The carrying capacity is reported to be 30.000 visitors per day (Xinduan Hu, 2019), however it still needs to be scientifically delineated (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Sustainable use
Controls on tourism and commercial activity in place (such as Regulations and Implementing Rules on Operating Points in Taishan), along with local veneration of the sacred mountain and its importance for Chinese culture and history, could form a basis for sustainable use of the site. However, the current overemphasis on economic benefits over resource conservation could pose some problems (Xiang, 2009; Xinduan Hu, 2019). Over visitation during high seasons endangers the sustainability of resource use in the long run and continues to be of concern (IUCN Consultation, 2017). Through the protection and management of heritage, it can promote local economic development, promote local employment, increase local fiscal revenue, which has positive significance to regional sustainable development (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Monitoring
At present, Taishan carries out regular monitoring for biodiversity, geological hidden dangers, damage to ancient buildings, organic matter and porosity of soil of ancient trees in the heritage. However, there is no monitoring system in place to evaluate the effectiveness of visitor management (State Party of China, 2023).
Research
The Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of Beijing University and the Historical Interest Zone Administrative Committee have collectively studied the geology, landforms, animals and cultural relics, as well as forest fires, pine disease and forest regeneration to provide a scientific basis for managing the area (WCMC, 2011; State Party of China, 2023). An analysis of spatio-temporal landscape patterns between 1986 and 2001 was carried out, showing major changes in forest cover and composition (Guo, 2006). Research in 2009 used Taishan as a case study to examine the implications of World Heritage designation for resource conservation, visitor experience, and local well-being (Xiang, 2009). Later on, research has focused on early warning of major forest pests (Shen 2012), biodiversity (Wang 2013), landscape forest management (Guo 2014; Meng et al., 2019) and Quaternary glaciers in Taishan (Zhang 2012). Xiang (2020) is conducting follow-up research on the sustainable local well-being of this heritage mountain with Rural Revitalization as a Chinese national strategy in consideration. More recently, Mount Taishan was taken as case study to use a biocultural diversity evaluation approach to enhance conservation and management of mountain area (Zhao et al., 2024).
Effectiveness of management system and governance in addressing threats outside the site
Other than impacts of management on four villages outside the site, three of which consist mostly of communities relocated from Taishan, there is little information on the effectiveness of protection and management in addressing threats outside the site. The management has provided some benefits to these villagers, which has helped maintain their support for nature conservation on Taishan, but there is little evidence to show villagers were involved in decision-making on relevant matters (Xiang, 2009) or that conservation goals for the site are aligned with the values of the local community with respect to their livelihoods and cultural traditions (Xiang and Wall, 2016). There is no recent available information.
Effectiveness of management system and governance in addressing threats inside the site
The importance of Taishan as a major sacred site has ensured that the mountain has been fairly well protected for its natural, cultural, and spiritual values. A well-staffed and well-funded administration with clear legal authority allows to address the major threats inside the site. However, overcrowding during peak seasons still remains a problem. The management also needs to involve local communities more in its decision-making.
The importance of Taishan as a major sacred site has ensured that the mountain has been fairly well protected for its natural, cultural, and spiritual values. A well-staffed and well-funded administration with clear legal authority means that the site has received protection that has addressed some major threats. However, overcrowding during peak seasons still remains a problem. The management could also benefit from increasing engagement of local communities in decision-making processes.
Dramatic mountain scenery
Low Concern
Trend
Improving
The high regard in which Taishan is held by local communities and the Chinese people insures that values as one of China’s most important sacred mountains have been largely maintained and enhanced, with the exception of cable cars that have left scars on the landscape and can interfere with those visiting the site as pilgrims as well as other some visitors’ tourism experiences. Since inscription numerous shacks, houses, and unsightly structures have been removed, improving the scenery and other measures have been taken to add protection to the site.
Assessment of the current state and trend of World Heritage values
Improving
Overall the high regard in which Taishan is held by local communities and the Chinese people insures that its aesthetic values as one of China’s most important sacred mountains have been largely maintained and enhanced, with the exception of unsightly cable cars that have left scars on the landscape and can interfere with those visiting the site as pilgrims as well as other some visitors’ tourism experiences. Since inscription numerous shacks, houses, and unsightly structures have been removed, improving the state of the site.
Assessment of the current state and trend of other important biodiversity values
Low Concern
Improving
No comprehensive information is available on the current state of the site's flora and fauna. However, some species have been in decline, including for example the endemic plant species of Sorbus taishanensis and Rhus taichanensis. However, measures have been put in place to address the issue (IUCN Consultation, 2017). Another improvement through the Chilin Fish re-introduction programme has ensured that freshwater biodiversity and water quality in the site has improved, albeit through artificial cultivation (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Through the investigation, the number of wild bird species in Tai Shan has been continuously increasing. By 2024, it had reached 373 species, an increase of 3 species compared to the record of 370 species in 2023 (CCTV News, 2024). This represents a significant increase compared to the 148 species in 1995 (Yanyan, 2023).
Assessment of the current state and trend of other important values
Low Concern
Data Deficient
The management of cultural and spiritual values at this site has primarily focused on attracting visitors, often overlooking the significance of indigenous or local perspectives. Although the management plans mention cultural and spiritual values, they tend to be vague and lack specific classification or detailed planning. To enhance the protection of these values, particularly those of indigenous communities, it is crucial to emphasize their role in site management. Incorporating a structured typology of cultural and spiritual values into management practices would strengthen the preservation efforts and ensure a more inclusive approach to safeguarding these important aspects (Xindan Hu, 2019).
Additional information
Cultural and spiritual values,
History and tradition
The natural and cultural heritage of Taishan enshrines cultural and spiritual values central to Chinese culture and history, having to do with the identity, beliefs, and ideals of the Chinese people.
Cultural and spiritual values,
Sacred natural sites or landscapes
Taishan itself is the most important sacred mountain in China and is regarded by local villagers as their mother. The mountain also has within it numerous smaller sacred sites and features, such as trees, rocks, and temples, which provide cultural and spiritual benefits to local people and visitors.
Outdoor recreation and tourism
As China’s most important sacred mountain and repository of Chinese history and civilization, Taishan is one of the most important tourist sites in China and provides major economic, spiritual, cultural, and historical benefits to visitors and local people. As a Buddhist sacred mountain, hiking is the only form of recreation mentioned in the management plan. The annual International Mountain Tai Climbing Festival started from 1987 is one of the most important festivals in Mount Taishan, attracting a great number of visitors and mountaineering enthusiasts. The high visitation due to its place in Chinese civilization and history insures sustainable financing for management of the site.
Importance for research,
Contribution to education
Special geotectonic location, long geological evolution history and typical geological remains of Mount Taishan are attractive for geologist home and abroad. For example, it has been selected by the 30th International Geological Conference (IGC) and the 15th International Mineral Assembly (IMA) as one of the after-meeting fields for investigation. It is also a popular site for scholars specialized in palaeontology to visit and have field studies. Mount Taishan management committee is now working on the establishment of a monitoring system (Xindan Hu, 2019)
Conservation of nature at Taishan protects a major sacred mountain highly valued for its importance in Chinese history and civilization and its role as a repository of priceless cultural relics. The cultural and spiritual values enshrined in the mountain sustain local cultures and communities and remind the Chinese people of their cultural and natural heritage. The high visitation of tourism that Taishan attracts provides economic benefits for local people and ensures that management will have sustainable funding for taking proper care of the site.
| № | Organization | Brief description of Active Projects | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tai'an Municipal Administrative Committee of the Taishan Scenic and Historic Interest Zone | The Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection, Peking University, TsingHua University and Administrative Committee of Taishan National Park have collectively studied the geology, landforms, cultural relics, forest regeneration and disease control, natural disaster, water harnessing and other protection and management goals and environmental elements of the property, to provide a scientific and important basis for rational utilization and effective management of the site. The Tai'an Municipal Administrative Committee of the Taishan Scenic and Historic Interest Zone, which is responsible for both the protection and administration of the area, should be consulted as to whether any of these or other projects are on-going. |
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References
| № | References |
|---|---|
| 1 |
CCTV News (2024). Record! Black-throated thrushes have been recorded in Daiding, and there are 373 species of wild birds in Taishan. CCTV News. Published online 29 January 2024. Available at: https://content-static.cctvnews.cctv.com/snow-book/video.ht…
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| 2 |
CNSphoto.com (2025). Photo exhibition of wildlife was held on Mount Tai in Shandong Province. Available at: https://www.cnsphoto.com/newDetail/single/13314130?pictureI…. [Accessed on 11 May 2025]
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| 3 |
Gao Hui, Ding Haiyang, Niu Jian. Brief History of the Development of Taishan World Geopark // Chinese Geographical Society. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Chinese Geographical Society's Tourism Geoscience and Geopark Research Branch and the 20th Anniversary Commemoration of Geopark Establishment (Tourism Geoscience Papers Volume 27). Taishan Scenic Area Management Committee, 2020: 229-234.
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| 4 |
Guo. L. (2006). ‘Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Landscape Pattern of the Taishan Mountain.’ J. Mt. Ecol., 8, 1-6
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| 5 |
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| 6 |
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| 7 |
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| 8 |
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| 10 |
Management Committee of Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Taishan (2018). Regulations on the protection and administration of Mount Taishan scenic area. Available at: http://www.mount-tai.com.cn/12776.shtml
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| 11 |
Meng, Y., Cao, B., Dong, C., & Dong, X. (2019). Mount Taishan forest ecosystem health assessment based on forest inventory data. Forests, 10(8), 657.
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| 12 |
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| 13 |
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| 14 |
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| 15 |
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| 16 |
Tai-an Municipal Government (2025). During the May Day holidays, the 21 tourist attractions (spots) included in the city's statistics received a total of 1.6428 million visitors, enriching the supply of products and continuously generating new vitality in the cultural and tourism sector. Available at : https://www.taian.gov.cn/art/2025/5/6/art_46736_10358373.ht… [Accessed on 11 May 2025]
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| 17 |
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| 18 |
UNEP-WCMC (2011). Mount Taishan, China. UNEP-WCMC World Heritage Information Sheets. [online] Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC. Available at: https://yichuans.github.io/datasheet/output/site/mount-tais… [Accessed 25 November 2020].
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| 19 |
World Heritage Committee. (2012). Decision: 36 COM 8E Mount Taishan Statement of Outstanding Universal Value (China). In: Decisions Adopted by the World Heritage Committee at its 36th Session. [online] Paris, France: UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/4841 [Accessed 25 November 2020]
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| 20 |
Xiang, Y. (2009). ‘Global-local Relationships in World Heritage: Mount Taishan, China.’ Ph.D. Thesis. Waterloo, Canada: University of Waterloo.
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