Gros Morne National Park
Country
Canada
Inscribed in
1987
Criteria
(vii)
(viii)
The conservation outlook for this site has been assessed as "good with some concerns" in the latest assessment cycle. Explore the Conservation Outlook Assessment for the site below. You have the option to access the summary, or the detailed assessment.
Situated on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland, the park provides a rare example of the process of continental drift, where deep ocean crust and the rocks of the earth's mantle lie exposed. More recent glacial action has resulted in some spectacular scenery, with coastal lowland, alpine plateau, fjords, glacial valleys, sheer cliffs, waterfalls and many pristine lakes. © UNESCO
Summary
2025 Conservation Outlook
Finalised on
11 Oct 2025
Good with some concerns
Current state and trend of VALUES
Low Concern
Overall THREATS
Overall PROTECTION and MANAGEMENT
Full assessment
Description of values
An area of exceptional natural beauty
Criterion
(vii)
An outstanding wilderness environment of spectacular landlocked, freshwater fjords and glacier-scoured headlands in an ocean setting (World Heritage Committee, 2015), is an area of exceptional natural beauty.
An internationally significant illustration of the process of continental drift
Criterion
(viii)
The rocks of Gros Morne National Park collectively present an internationally significant illustration of the process of tectonic plate interactions along the eastern coast of North America and contribute greatly to the body of knowledge and understanding of plate tectonics and the geological evolution of ancient mountain belts. In glacier-scoured highlands and spectacular fjords, glaciation has made visible the park’s many geological features. There are classic, textbook examples of monumental earth-building and modifying forces that are unique in terms of their clarity, expression, and ease of access. The area is geologically diverse with areas of Ordovician sedimentary rocks, Precambrian granite and gneiss, Palaeozoic serpentinized ultra-basic rocks, gabbros, volcanic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, exposed oceanic crust, mantle, a section of ancient Mohorovicic Discontinuity, and other distinctive geological features
(World Heritage Committee, 2015; Parks Canada, 2009).
(World Heritage Committee, 2015; Parks Canada, 2009).
Plant and faunal diversity
Gros Morne’s coastal location, climate, unique and varied geology and dramatic topography shaped by periods of glaciation over 2 million years have created a diversity of habitats, including an arctic-alpine environment on the plateau, boreal forest dominated by balsam fir on the slopes and inland valleys, a large area of serpentine barrens, and an extensive coastal lowland.
These support 36 distinct vegetation types and communities, with vascular species and bryophytes, representing about 60% of Newfoundland's insular flora, including approximately 100 species considered rare on the Island of Newfoundland, including the vascular Species at Risk Arnica griscomii subsp. griscomii, Corallorhiza strriata var. vreelandii, Carex petricosa var misandroides, Fraxinus niger, Maianthemum racemosum, Neottia borealis, Oreopteris quelpartensis, and the lichen Erioderma pedicellatum. Faunal diversity resembles an oceanic rather than continental-shelf island and is markedly reduced compared with the mainland). Arctic hare, woodland caribou, and Newfoundland marten are three mammal species of particular interest in the park. Gros Morne is a significant breeding site for harlequin duck, blackpoll warbler, common tern and arctic tern, a nesting site for bald eagle, rock ptarmigan and American tree sparrow, and a stopover for migrating shore birds. Anadromous Atlantic salmon and arctic char are found in park waters and also in permanent freshwater form in certain landlocked lakes on the Long Range Mountains. (IUCN, 1987; Parks Canada, 2009)
These support 36 distinct vegetation types and communities, with vascular species and bryophytes, representing about 60% of Newfoundland's insular flora, including approximately 100 species considered rare on the Island of Newfoundland, including the vascular Species at Risk Arnica griscomii subsp. griscomii, Corallorhiza strriata var. vreelandii, Carex petricosa var misandroides, Fraxinus niger, Maianthemum racemosum, Neottia borealis, Oreopteris quelpartensis, and the lichen Erioderma pedicellatum. Faunal diversity resembles an oceanic rather than continental-shelf island and is markedly reduced compared with the mainland). Arctic hare, woodland caribou, and Newfoundland marten are three mammal species of particular interest in the park. Gros Morne is a significant breeding site for harlequin duck, blackpoll warbler, common tern and arctic tern, a nesting site for bald eagle, rock ptarmigan and American tree sparrow, and a stopover for migrating shore birds. Anadromous Atlantic salmon and arctic char are found in park waters and also in permanent freshwater form in certain landlocked lakes on the Long Range Mountains. (IUCN, 1987; Parks Canada, 2009)
Assessment information
Threats to the geological values of the site are low. Hyperabundance of moose was a threat in the past. However the moose management program has reduced densities to near the threshold identified for maintenance of a healthy balsam fir forest ecosystem, and vegetation throughout the site is showing signs of recovery. A multi-million-dollar ecological restoration project is also underway to restore forest cover in the most severely impacted areas. Concerns have been noted regarding the effects of snowmobiling on the values of the site, however it is currently unclear how this activity is impacting the OUV of the site and regulations are in place to manage this activity. Forest harvesting around the park is another current threat, but this activity is occurring in accordance with provincial plans and visual impacts will be temporary as the forest will regenerate.
Utility & Service Lines
(Existing Electricity lines)
Inside site
, Localised(<5%)
Outside site
Two high voltage hydro transmission lines (138 kV and 69 kV)—the only lines supplying the northern portion of the Great Northern Peninsula—run the length of the park lowlands. As trees are stunted by the coastal climate, the power lines, and the wide cut corridors, are visible for most of their length. These lines require multiple vehicle access points for maintenance. NL Hydro operates and maintains high voltage (138 kV and 69 kV) transmission lines that pass thorough Gros Morne National Park. These lines supply all communities north of the park. The Right-of-Ways (RoW) within the park are generally 40-50% narrower as those outside of the park, and as a result have more frequent service disruptions. NL Hydro requested to selectively widen portions of the RoWs to improve reliability and safety. As a result, a Detailed Impact Assessment (DIA) was conducted. The DIA is the highest level of Impact Assessment; it included engagement and consultation with stakeholders and partners, consideration of viewscapes, Outstanding Universal Value, and prescriptive mitigations for rare plants and visually sensitive areas. This work began in 2024 and is expected to conclude in 2029. A telephone line used to run parallel to a hydro line in the sensitive Tablelands area, but this line has been decommissioned (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Recreation & Tourism Areas
(Tourism infrastructure development)
Inside site
, Localised(<5%)
Outside site
Parks Canada has continued to improve infrastructure within and outside the site. Over the last four years there has been a reconstruction of the Visitor Centre near Rocky Harbour, renovation (new pavement) on Route 431, reconfiguration of the Tablelands Trail parking lot, bridge upgrades, realignment of trails including Gros Morne Mountain Trail, and improvement of infrastructure on Trout River Pond (IUCN consultation, 2024). The infrastructure projects that have been undertaken to repair existing infrastructure, reduce maintenance costs, increase opportunities to experience the park, address any safety issues, and have been limited to front country areas and typically led to little or no increase in human footprint within the site (IUCN consultation, 2024).
In 2018 Parks Canada removed a boardwalk trail at Western Brook Pond and replaced it with a 4.8-meter-wide, compacted gravel maintenance road of 3 km, designated as multi-use to support primarily pedestrian use but also allow additional access for persons with disabilities. There were reports that this was carried out without sufficient public consultation and that the public was only informed that the trail would be upgraded, without quantitative or descriptive information made available (CPAWS, 2018). Parks Canada notes that it provided information, maps and construction drawings on the Western Brook Pond project, through a number of available channels (IUCN Consultation, 2020). During 2018 while construction was taking place, and at public engagement sessions for the 2019 Gros Morne National Park management planning, Parks Canada heard public criticism concerning Western Brook Pond Trail and as a result, the trail surface was narrowed. Parks Canada maintains that the completed Western Brook Pond trail project is focused on the rehabilitation, sustainability and upgrading of previously constructed infrastructure to meet the needs of current users. The lack of communication about this project and subsequent misinformation reduced the park's credibility in the eyes of residents (IUCN Consultation, 2025). Although the park also downgraded the protection of a portion the western shore of Western Brook Pond by rezoning it from Zone 3 (natural environment) to Zone 4, this does not seem to have had negative impacts on the OUV or any increases in foot traffic (IUCN Consultation, 2025). Access for private motorized vehicles remains forbidden. Beginning in the Fall of 2023, an 8 passenger golf cart was introduced to the Western Brook Pond Trail, to provide a shuttle service for persons requiring assistance accessing the boat tour. In 2024, a second identical golf cart was added (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
Development projects outside the site, such as cottage and ATV trail developments have so far been restricted to the enclave lands, but the development is visible from highlands within the park. Each of these projects underwent an Impact Assessment, and each explicitly considered potential impacts to Outstanding Universal Value.
In 2018 Parks Canada removed a boardwalk trail at Western Brook Pond and replaced it with a 4.8-meter-wide, compacted gravel maintenance road of 3 km, designated as multi-use to support primarily pedestrian use but also allow additional access for persons with disabilities. There were reports that this was carried out without sufficient public consultation and that the public was only informed that the trail would be upgraded, without quantitative or descriptive information made available (CPAWS, 2018). Parks Canada notes that it provided information, maps and construction drawings on the Western Brook Pond project, through a number of available channels (IUCN Consultation, 2020). During 2018 while construction was taking place, and at public engagement sessions for the 2019 Gros Morne National Park management planning, Parks Canada heard public criticism concerning Western Brook Pond Trail and as a result, the trail surface was narrowed. Parks Canada maintains that the completed Western Brook Pond trail project is focused on the rehabilitation, sustainability and upgrading of previously constructed infrastructure to meet the needs of current users. The lack of communication about this project and subsequent misinformation reduced the park's credibility in the eyes of residents (IUCN Consultation, 2025). Although the park also downgraded the protection of a portion the western shore of Western Brook Pond by rezoning it from Zone 3 (natural environment) to Zone 4, this does not seem to have had negative impacts on the OUV or any increases in foot traffic (IUCN Consultation, 2025). Access for private motorized vehicles remains forbidden. Beginning in the Fall of 2023, an 8 passenger golf cart was introduced to the Western Brook Pond Trail, to provide a shuttle service for persons requiring assistance accessing the boat tour. In 2024, a second identical golf cart was added (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
Development projects outside the site, such as cottage and ATV trail developments have so far been restricted to the enclave lands, but the development is visible from highlands within the park. Each of these projects underwent an Impact Assessment, and each explicitly considered potential impacts to Outstanding Universal Value.
Invasive Non-Native/ Alien Species
(Hyper-abundant introduced moose (Alces alces))
Other invasive species names
Alces alces
Inside site
, Scattered(5-15%)
Outside site
Introduced moose had been hyper-abundant and have no significant predators on the island of Newfoundland (wolves were extirpated in the 1930s). Moose browsing had reduced or stopped forest regeneration in a significant area of the park, resulting in balsam fir and mixed wood forests being converted to open areas dominated by grasses and shrubs, including exotic invasive species such as Canada thistle and coltsfoot. (>40 km2) (Burzynski et al., 2005; Parks Canada, 2009; White et al. 2021). . The 2019 management plan calls for the moose population in the park to be actively managed at the target density to maintain ecological integrity (Parks Canada, 2019). In 2011 GMNP initiated a moose population reduction program that has been successful in reducing numbers to a level that will allow recovery of the forest ecosystem (IUCN consultation, 2024). A moose survey conducted in the Spring of 2025 showed the moose population has remained steady and is the same as in 2019. However, some areas in the highlands continue to show locally high populations. In the last 2 years, access by hunters to the highland population has been reduced due to limited snow cover during the hunting season and preventing access by OSVs (IUCN Consultation, 2025). In 2021 GMNP began ecological restoration of areas where prolonged overbrowsing by moose had resulted in a loss of forest cover. To date 420,000 native trees have been planted across 120 ha of ecologically degraded sites; this program is expected to continue until 2028 with a target of planting >1 million trees across >285 ha (IUCN consultation).
Logging, Harvesting & Controlling Trees
(Local wood harvesting)
Inside site
, Scattered(5-15%)
Outside site
Wood harvesting for domestic use by two generations of local residents was a condition in the federal-provincial park establishment agreement. While this removes a relatively small amount of wood, the harvesting may put an additional strain on the park’s forest, which have been subject to other threats. Logging within the site has affected the look of the forest and communities, and provides an opportunity for invasive plants and animals to gain a foothold in disturbed habitat areas. However, this threat is managed under the Domestic Timber Harvest Integrated Management Plan for Gros Morne. Over the last 7 years an average of ~350 cords of wood (~1300 m3) was cut each year in the park (IUCN consultation, 2024). Harvesting in each area is managed based on ecologically sustainable yields, with each block assigned an annual allowable cut (AAC) identified through a timber supply analysis. Additionally, 25% of older forest in each block of annual allowable cut is protected (Parks Canada, 2020). There is some reportedly local pressure to extend cutting rights past the two-generation limit established by the federal-provincial agreement (IUCN Consultation, 2020). However, overall this is a low threat to the site's values.
Recreational Activities
(Snowmobile management)
Inside site
, Throughout(>50%)
Disturbance of the sites exceptional natural beauty as well as plant and faunal diversity due to snowmobiling in the site has been noted as a current concern (IUCN Consultation, 2020), particularly relating to the wilderness values with additional concerns on impacts to species such as Arctic hare and their associated habitat. Hunters participating in the moose management program are allowed to use snowmobiles to hunt. The use of snowmobiles is contingent on sufficient snow cover and is managed based on the snowmobile management plan for residents of local communities, with sensitive areas being closed to snowmobiling. Snowmobiling in Gros Morne National Park occurs because of the Federal-Provincial Agreement to establish the park. The snowmobile management plan was updated in 2017 and efforts to implement the plan are ongoing. Snowmobilers in Gros Morne National Park who are not residents of local communities require a Public/Commercial Snowmobile Operator’s Permit in addition to a Park Entry Pass (Parks Canada, 2020) and the scale of snowmobiling in relation to the size of the park, as well as much cleaner 4 stroke and clean 2 stroke technology in snowmobiles, largely negates any air pollution concerns. The 2019 park management plan called for a 4,000-trip limit in highland areas and a snowmobile permit system to be implemented by 2024 (Parks Canada, 2019). Between 2012 and 2024, an average of 2200 Public/Commercial Snowmobile Operator Permits were issued annually. Resident permits have averaged just under 300 annually since 2021 (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
Logging, Harvesting & Controlling Trees
(Logging around the park)
Outside site
There was extensive logging along the southern and eastern boundaries of the park, affecting the viewscape both outside and inside the park, and connectivity for some migrating and dispersing species. In January 2024 the provincial government released a 5- year forest management plan for an area near Gros Morne National Park that includes proposed harvesting near the site’s southern boundary (IUCN consultation, 2024). Some cutting may abut the park boundary, which may affect the viewscape both inside and outside the park. However, it is worth noting that this would occur on land that was given back to the province for the purpose of commercial forestry as part of the park establishment process and prior to the World Heritage designation.
Potential petroleum exploration, mining exploration, and wind energy in the vicinity of Gros Morne remain possibilities and could be of consequence to the property’s exceptional natural beauty and biodiversity if they were to go ahead. However, steps have been put in place to ensure proper oversight of these activities and increased dialogue between Parks Canada and the province through the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee will help identify and address these potential impacts early in the process. Climate change could affect the site’s ecosystems and may lead to coastal erosion that could impact its geological features.
Oil & Gas exploration/development
(Oil exploration)
Outside site
Potential petroleum exploration activity in the vicinity of Gros Morne remains a possibility and would be of major consequence to the property’s exceptional natural beauty and biodiversity if it were to go ahead. A 2013 proposal to drill within an enclave community surrounded by the park did not go ahead because the province announced an operational “pause” on any exploration involving hydraulic fracturing in late 2014, and the offshore regulatory authority did not renew the company’s exploration license. While this “pause” on hydraulic fracturing remains in place, there is no assurance it will be maintained in the long-term, nor does it apply to conventional oil and gas exploration.
Any proposed offshore exploratory drilling in the Western Newfoundland Offshore Area would first be subject to a project-specific environmental impact review assessment, as well as a regulatory review by the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (C-NLOPB) prior to receiving any authorization to drill. The C-NLOPB has reiterated that the OUV of Gros Morne National Park will be a factor that must be addressed in any potential future requests for project-level environmental impact review assessments. The C-NLOPB has further committed to inviting Parks Canada to participate in the review of the next Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) update for the Western Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Area (due 2024 but not yet publicly available; IUCN consultation, 2024). However, the overarching emphasis on oil as a source of jobs and revenue in NL, especially since the cod fishery moratorium in 1992, has meant that environmental assessments often support and facilitate oil development and thus help to maintain provincial petro-capitalism (Fusco, 2020).
Parks Canada continues working directly with senior decision makers from the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador to ensure everyone is aware of any developments near the property’s boundary as stated in the Terms of Reference for the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee (State Party of Canada, 2019). If a proposal is received, the committee will review to consider the impact on the site, and if an impact to the OUV is considered possible the WHC will be notified.
Any proposed offshore exploratory drilling in the Western Newfoundland Offshore Area would first be subject to a project-specific environmental impact review assessment, as well as a regulatory review by the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board (C-NLOPB) prior to receiving any authorization to drill. The C-NLOPB has reiterated that the OUV of Gros Morne National Park will be a factor that must be addressed in any potential future requests for project-level environmental impact review assessments. The C-NLOPB has further committed to inviting Parks Canada to participate in the review of the next Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) update for the Western Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Area (due 2024 but not yet publicly available; IUCN consultation, 2024). However, the overarching emphasis on oil as a source of jobs and revenue in NL, especially since the cod fishery moratorium in 1992, has meant that environmental assessments often support and facilitate oil development and thus help to maintain provincial petro-capitalism (Fusco, 2020).
Parks Canada continues working directly with senior decision makers from the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador to ensure everyone is aware of any developments near the property’s boundary as stated in the Terms of Reference for the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee (State Party of Canada, 2019). If a proposal is received, the committee will review to consider the impact on the site, and if an impact to the OUV is considered possible the WHC will be notified.
Recreational Activities
(Increasing pressure from tourism)
Inside site
, Extent of threat not known
GMNP is an important destination for tourists visiting the province, which brings significant economic benefits to the region. With trends in visitation, the demand for more accessible trails (e.g., Western Brook Pond), new trails, new opportunities, and more people in the backcountry could impact the ecological integrity and OUV of the property. Although Newfoundland has not experienced this yet, and is relatively difficult to access, future increases must be anticipated. The number of visitors experiencing Western Brook Pond is increasing steadily and this trend is likely to continue, however the number of spaces on the Western Brook Pond boat tour is capped at a daily maximum, based on the terms of the contract with the existing operator. There is also a cap on user numbers for the Long Range Traverse and Northern Traverse hikes. The current WBP trail is built to accommodate current and future numbers of users. No additional trails/expansion of trails is currently planned for Gros Morne. Any future planned trail work revolves around ensuring current trails are sustainable, remain safe, meet a range of visitor needs, and provide opportunities for enjoyment, appreciation and education, while minimizing the impact on the natural landscape (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Renewable Energy
(Wind energy development)
Inside site
, Extent of threat not known
Parks Canada provided recommendations regarding wind energy development to the Committee for the Regional Assessment of Offshore Wind Development in Newfoundland and Labrador. The Interim Report has included an 80 km buffer from Gros Morne National Park and World Heritage Site as recommended by Parks Canada. However, this document does not cover some nearshore coastal areas, including Bonne Bay, as these areas are regulated by the province. While it is unlikely that Bonne Bay would be suitable for wind development, this topic falls within the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Mining & Quarrying
(Mining)
Inside site
, Extent of threat not known
The last Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee meeting (2024) included discussion around mineral exploration activity approximately 4 km south of the park. Since it is still in the exploration phase little information is available. However, Parks Canada remains in continues dialogue about this activity with the province via the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee (IUCN consultation, 2024)
Changes in Physical & Chemical Regimes, Changes in Temperature Regimes
(Impact of climate change)
Inside site
, Throughout(>50%)
Outside site
Changes in such climate-related factors as extent and duration of ocean and freshwater ice cover, precipitation, and the length and timing of the frost-free season could affect the site’s ecosystems. Erosion from extreme weather events could impact coastal geological features. For example, in 2024 the remediation of Martin’s Point, location of a previous landfill was undertaken which removed approximately 1600 tons of waste from a historic landfill that was vulnerable to climate change and was eroding and consequently releasing debris to the ocean.
Involvement of stakeholders and rightsholders, including indigenous peoples and local communities, in decision-making processes
While concerns had been noted regarding a lack of consultation with some sectors in recent years, especially regarding infrastructure development (CPAWS, 2018), the park has worked to improve these lines of communication. For example, over the last 3 years, two Detailed Impact Assessments have been completed. In each of these, Parks Canada has reached out directly to various partners and interest groups (e.g. Municipal Councils of the enclave communities, indigenous communities, NGOs) to discuss the projects (IUCN Consultation, 2024)
Also, the snowmobile advisory committee includes representation from the research community, currently from the School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University. In addition, there are representatives from Hospitality Newfoundland and Labrador, provincial tourism and skiers/snowshoers on the snowmobile advisory committee, as well as representatives from the local enclave communities and the Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation.
Parks Canada is committed to undertaking meaningful consultation on its management plans using various tools to ensure that Indigenous communities, partners, stakeholders, and the public have opportunities to influence and contribute to Parks Canada’s activities (IUCN consultation, 2024). Indigenous consultation is both a legal requirement as well as best practice, providing an opportunity to increase the Indigenous voice in all aspects of the management of Parks Canada places. Parks Canada consults on new management plans with Indigenous groups who may be affected by and are interested in decisions or activities arising from the management of the Parks Canada place. Gros Morne regularly informs the public of upcoming work and programs happening in the park and invests in community engagement. In recent years this has included newsletters distributed to enclave communities twice per year, a regularly scheduled mayor’s forum, and community open houses which included presentations on future infrastructure work in Gros Morne. Additionally, Parks Canada regularly publicizes opportunities for the public to participate in consultations related to the development of management plans on its website, the Government of Canada’s Consulting with Canadians website and other media as appropriate.
In reference to consultation beyond the local area, extensive public consultations were conducted in 2018-19 as part of the management planning process and public open houses were held to provide information on all the infrastructure projects, including Western Brook Pond (IUCN consultation, 2024)
Also, the snowmobile advisory committee includes representation from the research community, currently from the School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University. In addition, there are representatives from Hospitality Newfoundland and Labrador, provincial tourism and skiers/snowshoers on the snowmobile advisory committee, as well as representatives from the local enclave communities and the Newfoundland and Labrador Snowmobile Federation.
Parks Canada is committed to undertaking meaningful consultation on its management plans using various tools to ensure that Indigenous communities, partners, stakeholders, and the public have opportunities to influence and contribute to Parks Canada’s activities (IUCN consultation, 2024). Indigenous consultation is both a legal requirement as well as best practice, providing an opportunity to increase the Indigenous voice in all aspects of the management of Parks Canada places. Parks Canada consults on new management plans with Indigenous groups who may be affected by and are interested in decisions or activities arising from the management of the Parks Canada place. Gros Morne regularly informs the public of upcoming work and programs happening in the park and invests in community engagement. In recent years this has included newsletters distributed to enclave communities twice per year, a regularly scheduled mayor’s forum, and community open houses which included presentations on future infrastructure work in Gros Morne. Additionally, Parks Canada regularly publicizes opportunities for the public to participate in consultations related to the development of management plans on its website, the Government of Canada’s Consulting with Canadians website and other media as appropriate.
In reference to consultation beyond the local area, extensive public consultations were conducted in 2018-19 as part of the management planning process and public open houses were held to provide information on all the infrastructure projects, including Western Brook Pond (IUCN consultation, 2024)
Legal framework
Within the national park boundary, the Canada National Parks Act provides legal protection for the Park, and a suite of federal and provincial legislation is in place to regulate and manage potential resource extraction activities outside the property – both onshore and offshore (State Party of Canada, 2022). Completed, approved impacts assessments are available for all projects that had the potential to affect the environment, the public, cultural resources or Outstanding Universal Value of the park. However, there is currently uncertainty regarding legislation in place to prevent oil exploration from occurring in the community enclaves or in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which may significantly impact the site, and therefore remains of some concern until these issues are resolved (UNESCO, 2018) *see 'Implementation of Committee decisions and recommendations' below for further details.
Governance arrangements
The Park was formally established under the Canada National
Parks Act on October 1st 2005. The Canada National Parks
Act provides legal protection for the park's Outstanding
Universal Values. Clear title to all lands was acquired by 27 December 1984 by
the Provincial government, and has subsequently been
transferred to the Federal government, under the administrative
responsibility of Environment Canada, Parks (Parks Canada,
1986).
Parks Act on October 1st 2005. The Canada National Parks
Act provides legal protection for the park's Outstanding
Universal Values. Clear title to all lands was acquired by 27 December 1984 by
the Provincial government, and has subsequently been
transferred to the Federal government, under the administrative
responsibility of Environment Canada, Parks (Parks Canada,
1986).
Integration into local, regional and national planning systems (including sea/landscape connectivity)
The government of Newfoundland and Labrador and Parks Canada have formalized their long-standing, collaborative and regulatory relationship with the establishment of a Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee for Gros Morne National Park, including the UNESCO World Heritage site (State Party of Canada, 2019). The formation of this committee should improve integration into regional planning systems through greater communication and cooperation between management and relevant provincial departments in regard to potential resource extraction activities around Gros Morne National Park. However, some concern also remains over the lack of a buffer zone around the site, despite repeated requests from the World Heritage Committee and stakeholders to form such zonation. There is also some concern that the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee foresees no representation from other stakeholders such as communities that surround the park nor NGO's (IUCN Consultation, 2020). It is imperative that other stakeholders are engaged for transparency and inclusion in decisions.
This relationship-based approach affords the OUV of the property an added level of protection and monitoring. The State Party, in consultation with the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, reiterates that the existing legislative and regulatory regime provides a sufficient and effective framework to ensure the protection of the property (State Party of Canada, 2022).
This relationship-based approach affords the OUV of the property an added level of protection and monitoring. The State Party, in consultation with the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, reiterates that the existing legislative and regulatory regime provides a sufficient and effective framework to ensure the protection of the property (State Party of Canada, 2022).
Boundaries
The park boundary is demarcated in most high-use areas (the lowland), with boundary signage installed since 2017, where deemed necessary (IUCN Consultation, 2020). Parts of the eastern boundary are very hard to discern, but Parks Canada maintains that clearing a physical boundary would impact the landscape and have negligible conservation benefit. Managers of adjacent lands are reported to be well aware of the park’s boundary and spatial data are widely available for the public and land use planners. As noted elsewhere, there is no buffer zone for the property.
In reference to no visible markers on parts of the eastern boundary, managers of adjacent lands are well aware of the park’s boundary and spatial data are widely available for the public and land use planners. GPS technology has made cut boundaries less important. Where deemed necessary, boundary signage has been installed. (IUCN consultation, 2024). Given the lack of resource development along the boundary and lack of illegal introgression of development activities into the park, clearing a physical boundary is of negligible conservation value and would unnecessarily impact the environment and viewscapes.
In reference to no visible markers on parts of the eastern boundary, managers of adjacent lands are well aware of the park’s boundary and spatial data are widely available for the public and land use planners. GPS technology has made cut boundaries less important. Where deemed necessary, boundary signage has been installed. (IUCN consultation, 2024). Given the lack of resource development along the boundary and lack of illegal introgression of development activities into the park, clearing a physical boundary is of negligible conservation value and would unnecessarily impact the environment and viewscapes.
Overlapping international designations
N/A
Implementation of World Heritage Committee decisions and recommendations
In 2014 the Committee acknowledged the province’s announcement of a "moratorium" on petroleum development using hydraulic fracturing, but noted that this did not provide long-term security for the site. In 2016 the Committee issued a follow up decision noting that the 2014 recommendations had not been implemented, and disagreeing with Canada’s assessment that existing legislation and regulations provide adequate long-term protection for the property. The Committee reiterated its recommendation that a strategic environmental assessment (SEA) be completed, and that a buffer zone and wider protection measures be put in place before the moratorium on hydraulic fracturing is lifted. The “moratorium” referred to by the Committee is not a legal or long-term measure, but rather a ”pause” put in place as an operational decision of the Province’s Department of Natural Resources. This decision only applies to petroleum exploration using hydraulic fracturing, not to conventional oil and gas development (NLHFRP, 2016). In 2021 the Committee reiterated its request to the State Party to ensure that long-term, substantive measures are introduced to prevent future oil and gas licenses being awarded in the vicinity of the property, and before the “pause” on hydraulic fracturing outside the property is lifted (World Heritage Committee, 2021). The response centers on biennial review by the Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee and that, should potential threats to the OUV or ecological integrity be identified, or if the pause is lifted, the World Heritage Committee will be notified (State Party of Canada, 2022). The Committee also raised concern that the upgrade project of the Western Brook Pond was completed without sufficient Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or stakeholder consultation and also requested the State Party to ensure the restoration of any damaged vegetation and landscape. Parks Canada contends that it undertook a full Environmental Impact Assessment and stakeholder engagement, that vegetation restoration and landscaping along the margins of the trail are now complete, and slower growing, long-lived plants such as trees and shrubs continue to infill the trail margins.
Climate action
Changes in such climate-related factors as extent and duration of ocean and freshwater ice cover, precipitation, and the length and timing of the frost-free season could affect the site’s ecosystems. Erosion from extreme weather events could impact coastal geological features. Within a forest restoration program, more than 420,000 trees have been planted in the park since 2023 with a target of planting >1 million trees by 2028, representing a significant contribution to Canada’s goal of implementing nature-based solutions to climate change. However no further information has been identified on the NP's efforts in addressing this challenge.
Management plan and overall management system
The management system is administered and implemented by Parks Canada through a park management plan.
In 2019, after a year of public consultation (Parks Canada, 2019c,d), the park approved a new 10-year management plan, which includes explicit consideration of the OUV of the property (Parks Canada, 2019a) and takes a proactive approach towards sustainable tourism. A key strategy of the plan is protecting a “treasured landscape” by maintaining and improving ecological integrity and protecting and promoting the property’s OUV (Parks Canada, 2019a).
In 2019, after a year of public consultation (Parks Canada, 2019c,d), the park approved a new 10-year management plan, which includes explicit consideration of the OUV of the property (Parks Canada, 2019a) and takes a proactive approach towards sustainable tourism. A key strategy of the plan is protecting a “treasured landscape” by maintaining and improving ecological integrity and protecting and promoting the property’s OUV (Parks Canada, 2019a).
Law enforcement
Parks Canada maintains a national law enforcement branch that includes approximately 100 park wardens. However, there are only three full time enforcement positions for the Field Unit that includes Gros Morne National Park (which includes two very large national parks, a national park reserve, and three national historic sites over a distance of about 1,000 km) (IUCN consultation, 2024).
Parks Canada approach to law enforcement is to direct efforts to resource protection priorities when a law enforcement approach is required and improves resource protection effectiveness in conjunction with other protection efforts. Resource protection priorities requiring law enforcement are reviewed annually in the park by both the law enforcement team and park staff. As necessary, additional law enforcement resources from other parks are made available to assist the local law enforcement team. All Parks Canada staff play a role in compliance monitoring, ensuring that rules and regulations are met. Frontline staff are trained in compliance activities, and daily monitor park sites and facilities as part of their jobs. While, Parks Canada does not currently have concerns regarding enforcement of existing regulations (IUCN consultation, 2024), the low number of enforcement positions compared to the large area to survey is of some concern.
Parks Canada approach to law enforcement is to direct efforts to resource protection priorities when a law enforcement approach is required and improves resource protection effectiveness in conjunction with other protection efforts. Resource protection priorities requiring law enforcement are reviewed annually in the park by both the law enforcement team and park staff. As necessary, additional law enforcement resources from other parks are made available to assist the local law enforcement team. All Parks Canada staff play a role in compliance monitoring, ensuring that rules and regulations are met. Frontline staff are trained in compliance activities, and daily monitor park sites and facilities as part of their jobs. While, Parks Canada does not currently have concerns regarding enforcement of existing regulations (IUCN consultation, 2024), the low number of enforcement positions compared to the large area to survey is of some concern.
Sustainable finance
In the last Periodic Report, the available budget was considered sufficient to manage the property, but could be further improved (State Party of Canada, 2023). Financial resources are mainly funded by the government at regional level, with individual visitor charges contributing to around 25% of the running costs. No further information is available to properly assess the financial state of the property.
Staff capacity, training and development
In the last Periodic Report, human resources were considered adequate to manage the property (State Party of Canada, 2023). However, no further information has been identified to properly assess the financial state of the property.
Education and interpretation programmes
Parks Canada has an Outreach Education program in GMNP, with park staff leading activities for students in Gros Morne and conducting classroom visits. Dedicated Forest Health interpretation is being provided (IUCN consultation, 2024). In the last Periodic Report, visitor facilities and services for education, information, interpretation and awareness building were considered good (State Party of Canada, 2023).
Tourism and visitation management
Tourism and visitation management is mostly effective, but there is a need for sustainability with increased visitation - "hiking and walking" is one of the top activities for people visiting Gros Morne National Park. The Gros Morne Tourism Regional Innovative Partnership (or GM TRIP) has been established to integrate regional tourism stakeholders. The installation and upgrade of interpretive features, rest areas and viewpoints to support the visitor experience needs for a broad range of visitors continues, e.g. the visitor centre was re-opened in 2024 (Parks Canada, 2024)
However, the outcomes of some of the upgrades, such as the the reconstruction and widening of the Western Brook Pond Trail has raised concern that some changes 'have resulted in outcomes beyond simple rehabilitation of existing infrastructure' with the development footprint increasing significantly (CPAWS, 2018). A two-year project re-constructing the trail from Route 430 to Western Brook Pond, including a realignment, lowering of grades, and a hardening of trail surfaces, has addressed deferred maintenance issues, and resolved the known environmental issues that existed with the previous trail. The trail was reopened to the public in May, 2019 (IUCN consultation, 2024). Beginning in the Fall of 2023, an 8 passenger golf cart was introduced to the Western Brook Pond Trail, to provide a shuttle service for persons requiring assistance accessing the boat tour. In 2024, a second identical golf cart was added to further support this service (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
However, the outcomes of some of the upgrades, such as the the reconstruction and widening of the Western Brook Pond Trail has raised concern that some changes 'have resulted in outcomes beyond simple rehabilitation of existing infrastructure' with the development footprint increasing significantly (CPAWS, 2018). A two-year project re-constructing the trail from Route 430 to Western Brook Pond, including a realignment, lowering of grades, and a hardening of trail surfaces, has addressed deferred maintenance issues, and resolved the known environmental issues that existed with the previous trail. The trail was reopened to the public in May, 2019 (IUCN consultation, 2024). Beginning in the Fall of 2023, an 8 passenger golf cart was introduced to the Western Brook Pond Trail, to provide a shuttle service for persons requiring assistance accessing the boat tour. In 2024, a second identical golf cart was added to further support this service (IUCN Consultation, 2025).
Sustainable use
The Gros Morne Institute for Sustainable Tourism, a shared initiative of Gros Morne Co-operating Association and Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, operates out of the park and trains tourism operators from throughout eastern Canada in sustainable techniques for communities. The park incorporates some “green” and sustainable techniques into its operations (solar powered fans, biological waste processing for washrooms, efficient heating and cooling systems, etc.), however have been some concerns noted regarding the sustainability of snowmobile use in the site (IUCN Consultation, 2020).
Monitoring
Impact Assessments have been modified to explicitly consider OUV.
Parks Canada maintains a comprehensive Ecological Integrity Monitoring program to assess status and trends in the ecological integrity of park ecosystems. State of park reports are produced as required to support park management planning. Management effectiveness monitoring is conducted as required, and guides the implementation of park management and restoration programs (e.g. see CoRe forest health report). Where resources are deemed inadequate to meet an emerging need, special funding is sought to support staff and financial needs of projects.
Parks Canada maintains a comprehensive Ecological Integrity Monitoring program to assess status and trends in the ecological integrity of park ecosystems. State of park reports are produced as required to support park management planning. Management effectiveness monitoring is conducted as required, and guides the implementation of park management and restoration programs (e.g. see CoRe forest health report). Where resources are deemed inadequate to meet an emerging need, special funding is sought to support staff and financial needs of projects.
Research
There is a comprehensive, integrated programme of research, which is relevant to management needs and/or improving understanding of Outstanding Universal Value.
The national park supports key management decisions with active research. This includes annually reviewing visitor patterns and volumes along with ecological data to identify areas that may be susceptible to visitor use impact. Research results are shared proactively with stakeholders.
The national park supports key management decisions with active research. This includes annually reviewing visitor patterns and volumes along with ecological data to identify areas that may be susceptible to visitor use impact. Research results are shared proactively with stakeholders.
Effectiveness of management system and governance in addressing threats outside the site
The World Heritage Committee’s decision recommending that Canada put in place a buffer zone around the park to safeguard the site from potential petroleum exploration activities has not been implemented. The response instead has been a buffer "mechanism" in the form of a Federal-Provincial Land Use Committee (State Party of Canada, 2022). There have been significant issues in the institutional mechanisms for cooperatively managing the area around the park, including coastal areas. Since the park boundary does not protect the marine environment of the coast and bays that surround the park (Mendis and Decker, 2022), it would be possible for activities to proceed in these areas which may negatively impact the values of the site, without prior consideration of these effects.
Effectiveness of management system and governance in addressing threats inside the site
Given the well-formulated targets to achieving the objectives of the new management plan, which build on previous management activities, the management system can be considered mostly effective. Key priorities identified included actions aimed at improving the ecological integrity of the park through a continued focus on forest health with a sustained moose management program; enhanced efforts to prevent the extirpation of the Trout River salmon population; increased monitoring to understand stressors on Arctic hare, rock ptarmigan and caribou; managing visitor use in key areas of the park; as well as improvements to the condition of trails, privies and way-finding to address visitor concerns. The management plan is subject to a strategic environmental assessment that explicitly considers the two World Heritage criteria for which Gros Morne National Park was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site (Parks Canada, 2019a). As a result of management, moose populations are no longer hyper-abundant and vegetation is recovering.
The management system is administered and implemented by Parks Canada through a 2019 park management plan, which includes explicit consideration of the OUV of the property. The legal protection and management framework is strong and the site engages with neighbouring communities, although the reported lack of consultation from certain sectors surrounding recently built infrastructure which could potentially lead to significantly increasing the development footprint, is somewhat concerning, despite assurances on behalf of the management regarding consultation. An effective monitoring system is in place, which is supported by research conducted on ecological indicators, however more focus could be given to the geological values for which the site is inscribed on the World Heritage list. Concern also remains over the ability to enforce regulations relating to the site's conservation, with only three full time park wardens in the field unit, whose responsibilities also cover additional parks. Additionally, all Parks Canada staff play a role in compliance monitoring to ensure that rules and regulations are met. The World Heritage Committee’s decision recommending Canada put in place a buffer zone around the park has not been implemented, and the site remains subject to multiple requests of the State Party to address issues arising from oil exploration and potential extractive activities which may negatively impact the OUV of the site. Overall, the protection and management of the site is of some concern due to these outstanding issues.
Parks Canada maintains a national law enforcement branch that includes approximately 100 park wardens, three of whom are based in Gros Morne National Park.
Parks Canada maintains a national law enforcement branch that includes approximately 100 park wardens, three of whom are based in Gros Morne National Park.
An area of exceptional natural beauty
Low Concern
Trend
Stable
Scenic values are currently well-preserved, however, there is a possibility that oil and gas development could compromise these values in the future (UNESCO, 2018). In winter, snowmobiling activity is compromising the experience of the natural beauty for some non-motorized recreational users (Parks Canada, 2019a) as well as recent hiking infrastructure raising concerns as to their development footprint (CPAWS, 2018). The External Snowmobile Advisory Board continues to introduce additional snowmobile exclusion zones in areas of high non-motorized visitor interest, most recently in an area near the Tablelands. Recent infrastructure work on trails and facilities has worked with existing footprints, according to Parks Canada (IUCN consultation 2024). Offshore energy development, both gas and wind, is a possible threat. However, the exceptional natural beauty of the site is maintained overall due to management action targeted at these threats.
An internationally significant illustration of the process of continental drift
Good
Trend
Stable
The geological values of the site are well preserved. The main drivers of change displayed at the site remain those of 'gravitational instability, heavy precipitation, wave and storm action, frost heaving, and other background processes' (Berger, 2017), which can be considered a part of the natural value of the site itself.
Assessment of the current state and trend of World Heritage values
Stable
Geological values and the majority of scenic values are well-preserved and not being impacted by any serious threats. Threats which are occurring are subject to targeted management for the most part. However, the potential for oil and gas exploration which may affect the site's values is yet to be addressed in full, and subject to a number of requests from the World Heritage Committee.
Assessment of the current state and trend of other important biodiversity values
High Concern
Stable
Biodiversity values have been impacted by hyper-abundant moose and invasive exotic plants, although there are early signs of improvement due to management measures. To address hyper-abundant moose, Parks Canada conducted several years of research and public consultations, and in 2011 initiated a program to reduce moose densities in order to restore forest health. The moose population is now at target density established to prevent impacts on park forests, and the forest ecosystem is showing strong signs of recovery. The park documented a significant decline in Arctic hare in 2015, though a 2017 survey showed some improvement, however the most recent survey in 2023 found the population was still very low. There is concern about the well-being of caribou populations, and as such a caribou management program has been initiated for Newfoundland and Labrador, which includes research, indigenous knowledge, management planning, and threat mitigation (IUCN Consultation, 2020; 2025).
Additional information
Outdoor recreation and tourism
Gros Morne National Park is an anchor attraction in the provinces tourism industry and is featured prominently in the highly successful provincial marketing campaigns. Among non-resident vacation travellers to Newfoundland and Labrador, the Gros Morne National Park area is the most visited destination in Western Newfoundland and the second most visited destination in the province, along with Bonavista Peninsula and the Gander/Twillingate area (Newfoundland and Labrador Vacation Visitor Profile, 2024). Between 2014 and 2018 the national park experienced increased visitation. In 2018, visitation to the Visitor Centre and Discovery Centre grew by 35% over the average of the previous 4 years. The increase in visitation is especially evident at the park’s iconic locations. For example, between 2014 and 2018, the number of people taking the boat tour at Western Brook Pond went from 24,000 to almost 39,000. Meanwhile the number of people walking the Tablelands Trail went from just over 13,000 to more than 35,000, representing increases of 62% and 169% respectively over 2014 levels (GMNP Mgmt Plan, 2019). During COVID, park visitation decreased considerably but by 2024, visitation levels in the park had returned to pre-COVID levels.
Overall visitation to the park is difficult to estimate due to its many access points and lack of mandatory gateways. In 2017, the methodology used to determine total park visitation was reviewed and determined that the gap between reported person-visits and other indicators of tourism / visitor volume such as results from visitor surveys and facility counts suggest that the methodology used from 2004 to 2020 may be somewhat over-estimating overall park visitation (Gros Morne National Park Review of Visitor Attendance Reporting - Draft Report, 2017).
Overall visitation to the park is difficult to estimate due to its many access points and lack of mandatory gateways. In 2017, the methodology used to determine total park visitation was reviewed and determined that the gap between reported person-visits and other indicators of tourism / visitor volume such as results from visitor surveys and facility counts suggest that the methodology used from 2004 to 2020 may be somewhat over-estimating overall park visitation (Gros Morne National Park Review of Visitor Attendance Reporting - Draft Report, 2017).
Traditional agriculture
Certain local residents have the right to personal harvest of firewood, boat building timbers, and snowshoe hare.
Legal subsistence hunting of wild game
Being able to assist the park in the removal of over-abundant moose has been beneficial to local and regional hunters and their families.
History and tradition,
Sacred natural sites or landscapes,
Cultural identity and sense of belonging
Gros Morne has become a cultural hub in western Newfoundland, hosting annual festivals and events featuring artists, writers, musicians, theatre, much of which is inspired by the beauty of the land and seascape, and the traditional way of life on the west coast of Newfoundland.
The site provides significant direct and indirect economic benefits to the region, is the centrepiece of Newfoundland and Labrador's billion dollar tourism industry, and has become a centre for arts and culture in western Newfoundland. A 2023 study estimated annual ecosystem service value of the property to be between 0.62 and 5.71 billion Canadian dollars (Mulrooney and Jones, 2023).
| № | Organization | Brief description of Active Projects | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parks Canada | Active Management program (e.g. Moose management, Salmon counting fences). |
https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/nature/conservation/resto
https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/nature/conservation/resto/forets-forests/orignaux
|
| 2 | Parks Canada | Ecological Integrity Monitoring (e.g. Resident winter bird surveys, Brook trout thermal habitat assessment, Beaver surveys, Understory wood plant biodiversity, Rock Ptarmigan surveys, Herb Willow occupancy and abundance) |
https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/nature/conservation/recherche-research
|
| 3 | Parks Canada | Completing the Cycle: Renewing forest resilience through climate smart restoration in Gros Morne National Park. This multi-million-dollar project aims to continue to improve the ecological integrity of the forest ecosystem, primarily through planting >1M trees to restore forest cover on areas that were impacted by severe over browsing by moose in the past. |
https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/nature/conservation/resto/forets-forests
|
| 4 | Parks Canada | Caribou conservation program (2019-2023) | |
| 5 | Parks Canada | Implementation of SARA (Species at Risk Act) action plan (2016-ongoing). |
https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/documents/1270
https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/nature/conservation/especes-species
|
References
| № | References |
|---|---|
| 1 |
Berger, A. (2017). Tracking rapid landscape change with repeated photography, Gros Morne National Park, Canada. Atlantic Geology, 53, 115 - 126. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2017.005
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| 2 |
Burzynski, M, Knight T, Gerrow S, Hoffman J, Thompson R, Deering P, Major D, Taylor S, Wentzell C, and Simpson A. (2005) State of the Park Report Gros Morne National Park of Canada; an Assessment of Ecological Integrity. Parks Canada, GMNP. 21 pp.
|
| 3 |
CPAWS. (2018). CPAWS Statement on Changes to Western Brook Pond Trail and Infrastructures in Gros Morne. Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society. https://cpaws.org/cpaws-statement-on-changes-to-western-bro…
|
| 4 |
Connors, C. (2024). Parks Canada guts a 50-year-old dump in Gros Morne. CBC [online] https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/gros-m… [Accessed 15 January 2025]
|
| 5 |
Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation, Newfoundland & Labrador (2024). Provincial Visitor Exit Survey. Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts and Recreation, Newfoundland & Labrador. Available at: https://www.gov.nl.ca/tcar/files/Vacation-Visitor-Profile_S…
|
| 6 |
Fusco, L.H. (2020). Crude regulation: Environmental assessments and the Newfoundland and Labrador offshore oil industry. PhD Thesis. Department of Geography, University of Toronto. [online] https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/08… [Accessed 14 January 2025]
|
| 7 |
IUCN (1987) World Heritage Nomination - IUCN Technical Evaluation, Gros Morne National Park (Canada). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. .
|
| 8 |
IUCN consultation (2024). Confidential IUCN consultation on Gros Morne National Park, Canada.
|
| 9 |
IUCN consultation (2024). Confidential IUCN consultation on Gros Morne National Park, Canada.
|
| 10 |
Mulrooney, D. and Jones, B. (2023). The Value of Natural Capital in Canada’s National Parks and National Marine Conservation Areas. PARKS Vol. 29.2: 41-51. 10.2305/EKNN8645
|
| 11 |
Parks Canada (2009) Gros Morne National Park of Canada Management Plan. .
|
| 12 |
Parks Canada (2024). Indigenous Stewardship Policy. [online] https://parks.canada.ca/agence-agency/aa-ia/politique-policy [Accessed 15 January 2025]
|
| 13 |
Parks Canada (2024). Re-opening the Gros Morne National Park Visitor Centre. [online] https://www.canada.ca/en/parks-canada/news/2024/05/re-openi… [Accessed 15 January 2025]
|
| 14 |
Parks Canada. (2017). Gros Morne National Park of Canada: State of the Park Assessment.
|
| 15 |
Parks Canada. (2019a). Gros Morne National Park Management Plan 2019. [online] Available at: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/info/plan (Accessed 11 October 2019).
|
| 16 |
Parks Canada. (2019c). What We Heard. Gros Morne National Park Management Plan Review Phase 1 Consultation. [online] Available at: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/info/plan (Accessed 11 October 2019).
|
| 17 |
Parks Canada. (2019d). What We Heard II. Gros Morne National Park Management Plan Review Phase 2 Consultation. [online] Available at: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/nl/grosmorne/info/plan (Accessed 11 October 2019).
|
| 18 |
Parks Canada. (2020). Parks Canada updates on the 2017 Conservation Outlook Assessment. Submitted to IUCN
|
| 19 |
State Party of Canada (2022). State of Conservation Report Gros Morne National Park, Canada. [online] Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/document/197662 [Accessed on 2 April 2025]
|
| 20 |
State Party of Canada (2023). Periodic Reporting Cycle 3, Section II: Gros Morne National Park, Canada. [Online] Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/document/216717 [Accessed on 2 April 2025]
|
| 21 |
State Party of Canada. (2019). Report of the State Party to the World Heritage Committee on the state of conservation of the Gros Morne National Park (Canada). [online] Parks Canada. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/419/documents/ (Accessed 1 June 2020).
|
| 22 |
UNESCO. (2018). Report on the State of Conservation of Gros Morne National Park, Canada. State of Conservation Information System of the World Heritage Centre. [online] Paris, France: UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/3666 (Accessed 11 October 2019).
|
| 23 |
White, S., Zhu, X, Meng, F., Taylor, S. and Bourque, C.P.A. (2021). Intensive moose browsing and small-scale domestic woodcutting impacts on forest successional trajectories in Gros Morne National Park, Canada. The Forestry Chronicle. 97(3): 315-325. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2021-033
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| 24 |
World Heritage Committee (2015) Decision 39 COM 8E Gros Morne National Park (Canada) Retrospective Statement of Outstanding Universal Value. Bonn, Germany. .
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| 25 |
World Heritage Committee (2021). Decision 44 COM 7B.102. Gros Morne National Park (Canada) Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/7818/
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